Source: Some weavers at their looms in the cotton milll, Horrockes Yard Works in Preston © Harris Museum and Art Gallery This image is licensed under Creative Commons BY NC SA.
1. Industrialisation
New Technologies
A detailed overview of Indistrialisation in England can be found at BBC Bitesize [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/history/industrial_era/the_industrial_revolution/revision/1/]. These points are relevant to why there was a rise in crime, why free settlers came to Australia or America, and how industrialisation kept the slave trade going. The key inventions are discussed in simple English at English Online [http://www.english-online.at/history/industrial-revolution/industrial-revolution-manufacturing.htm].
For a more academic understanding of how industrialisation changed the economic structures of Britain, look at John Paul Rodrigue's website (scroll down to section 2. the Industrial Revolution and Transportation.). Have a look at the maps on this website and compare the trade routs from 1800 with those of 1915, or 1880-1915 to see how important Australian trade has become on a global scale.
For a more detailed understanding of how industrialisation affected different parts of society, work through the lesson at the History Teacher's Association of Australia [http://www.achistoryunits.edu.au/learning-sequence-1-4/tabs/y9-industrlia-ls1-1.html]. In particular, this chronology [http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/ir/irchron.html] and this table of causes and effect [http://www.achistoryunits.edu.au/verve/_resources/htaa_year_9_ind_rev_summary_of_Agricultural_Revolution.pdf]. Thomas Dublin's essay at History Now [http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/jackson-lincoln/essays/women-and-early-industrial-revolution-united-states] contains much more technical detail than you need but it has an excellent analysis of why the development of the textile industry was liberating for American women and led to increased urbanisation (about half way down).
A detailed overview of Indistrialisation in England can be found at BBC Bitesize [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/history/industrial_era/the_industrial_revolution/revision/1/]. These points are relevant to why there was a rise in crime, why free settlers came to Australia or America, and how industrialisation kept the slave trade going. The key inventions are discussed in simple English at English Online [http://www.english-online.at/history/industrial-revolution/industrial-revolution-manufacturing.htm].
For a more academic understanding of how industrialisation changed the economic structures of Britain, look at John Paul Rodrigue's website (scroll down to section 2. the Industrial Revolution and Transportation.). Have a look at the maps on this website and compare the trade routs from 1800 with those of 1915, or 1880-1915 to see how important Australian trade has become on a global scale.
For a more detailed understanding of how industrialisation affected different parts of society, work through the lesson at the History Teacher's Association of Australia [http://www.achistoryunits.edu.au/learning-sequence-1-4/tabs/y9-industrlia-ls1-1.html]. In particular, this chronology [http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/ir/irchron.html] and this table of causes and effect [http://www.achistoryunits.edu.au/verve/_resources/htaa_year_9_ind_rev_summary_of_Agricultural_Revolution.pdf]. Thomas Dublin's essay at History Now [http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/jackson-lincoln/essays/women-and-early-industrial-revolution-united-states] contains much more technical detail than you need but it has an excellent analysis of why the development of the textile industry was liberating for American women and led to increased urbanisation (about half way down).
Living conditions and luxury goods
Another section of section of BBC Bitsize [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/history/industrial_era/industrial_revolution_life/revision/1/] explains how industrialisation changed the lives of rich, middle class and poor English families. this is further expored in J Arogonite's slide show, Victorian London [http://www.slideshare.net/Jj-Aragonite/victorian-london-12577064] (which is intended as backgorund to the famous Victorian novel, I, which clearl;y depicts the gaps between social classes in the C19th).
Sometimes reality TV can give you insight into past lives. To find out about life in an English cotton mill, have a look at the documentary "Worst Jobs in History" [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJpaqRNKqks-]. The part about the mills is after the ships, at about 38 minutes. This section looks especially at a very dangerous job done by very small children, who often died in the mills (where there were no Workplace Health and Safety laws). The whole episode on the Industrial Revolution [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJQbsKPW30w] is useful to give you an understanding of how dangerous mass production was in the eighteenth century - right down to the stinky smells and lungs full of coal smoke!
For a more detailed look at working conditions, work through the History Teacher's Association unit [http://www.achistoryunits.edu.au/learning-sequence-1-4/tabs/y8-industrial-ls3-1.html] and read the primary sources [http://www.achistoryunits.edu.au/verve/_resources/htaa_year_9_ind_rev_accounts_of_working_life.pdf] which includes statements form workers and employers, as well as tables about workers' (lack of!) rights. Eastern Illinois University [http://www.eiu.edu/eiutps/childhood_set.php] has a wonderful set of primary sources about child labour during the Industrial Revolution, and great worksheets teaching you how to analyse a visual source [http://www.eiu.edu/eiutps/More%20You%20Look%20Photo%20Analysis.pdf] as a historian and how to react empathetically [http://www.eiu.edu/eiutps/Put%20Yourself%20in%20the%20Picture%20Photo%20Analysis.pdf] with the sources. You could also look at these notes on Slideshare [http://www.slideshare.net/guestcd3651/working-living-conditions-industrial-revo] for detailed quotes and graphs from guestcd3651.
To see what life was like for the upper classes (who made their money from the factories, or from plantations in America which were worked by slaves) hacve a look at this mid-Victorian home [http://www.johnstoncollection.org/the_collection]
Industrialisation in Australia
The Australian Bureau of Statistics [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article161988?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=1988&num=&view=] has a comprehensive overview of the different industries theat were important in seventeenth and eighteenth century Australia. It also includes interesting points such as the influence of the Gold Rushes on industrialisation.
Industrial development in Australia was driven by the availability of transport (ships and railway lines) and of coal to power the transport (when it was burned to crate steam, which drove train or ship motors). Geoscience Australia [http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/energy/resources/coal-resources] outlines the early coal-mining sites in paragraph three. These sites were all close to the coast so that the coal could be transported by ship to the colonies, while the tables (Scroll down for them) at the Australian Beaureau of Statistics [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/featurearticlesbytitle/6893596390A01028CA2569E3001F5555?OpenDocuments] how how quickly coal became a major industry at the end of the nineteenth century.
Look at the beginning Railways in Australia for the development of trainlines [http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/railways-in-australia]. At Visons of Early Australia [http://www.auspostalhistory.com/articles/1758.php], the third image down shows a map of railways in 1917. You can see the way they sprawl out from the capital cities into what was once Aboriginal territory.
As a result of rail development, farmers moved further inland to grow wheat (to make flour) or sheep (for wool). Visons of Early Australia [http://www.auspostalhistory.com/articles/1758.php] shows two postcards of farms, demonstrating that there were indeed more sheep than Europeans in Australia! this meant that more land was needed to farm all these sheep. Sheep breeding was thererfore an important part of industrialisation in Australia, which became the world's leading producer of wool. To find out about about life on a sheep station in 1860 watch these videos [http://splash.abc.net.au/digibook/-/c/618324/1860s-colonial-life].
OTEN's agriculture unit [https://yourdecision.oten.tafensw.edu.au/pluginfile.php/138/mod_resource/content/2/AHCLSK205A/sheep_breeds.html tells us ] "The first sheep to arrive in Australia were a hairy, fat tailed flock of 29 sheep brought by the First Fleet for their meat. John Macarthur requested that fine wool sheep be purchased in the Cape when a ship was sent for supplies for the struggling colony. A small flock of 26 Spanish Merinos were shipped back to Sydney where John and his wife, Elizabeth, crossed the Merinos with their own sheep to start Australia's first wool flock. During the 1800s, thousands of Merinos were imported from Saxony, France and England. The sheep were selected and bred for their environmental suitability, frame size, fleece weight and fibre characteristics. The Saxon Merino was developed in Tasmania, the Peppin Merino in southern New South Wales and the South Australian Merino in that state to cope with the arid pastoral conditions." The University of Tasmania [http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Sheep%20farmers.htm] has more detail about sheep breeding in Australia.
Dr Robert Lee of UWS, has written an excellent academic article [http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/linking-nation-australias-transport-and-communications-1788-1970-0] which links developments in transport and communications with Australia's position as a leading of producer of wool and coal (because ships and trains worked on steam which was produced by burning coal).
Kooriweb has a description of the early textile industry, staffed at first by unpaid convicts [http://www.kooriweb.org/cland/textile.html]. You can read more about this at the Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre [http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/272.html] which includes the setting up of the notorious Female Factory in Parramatta.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Previousproducts/1301.0Feature%20Article161988?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=1301.0&issue=1988&num=&view=] has a comprehensive overview of the different industries theat were important in seventeenth and eighteenth century Australia. It also includes interesting points such as the influence of the Gold Rushes on industrialisation.
Industrial development in Australia was driven by the availability of transport (ships and railway lines) and of coal to power the transport (when it was burned to crate steam, which drove train or ship motors). Geoscience Australia [http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/energy/resources/coal-resources] outlines the early coal-mining sites in paragraph three. These sites were all close to the coast so that the coal could be transported by ship to the colonies, while the tables (Scroll down for them) at the Australian Beaureau of Statistics [http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/featurearticlesbytitle/6893596390A01028CA2569E3001F5555?OpenDocuments] how how quickly coal became a major industry at the end of the nineteenth century.
Look at the beginning Railways in Australia for the development of trainlines [http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/railways-in-australia]. At Visons of Early Australia [http://www.auspostalhistory.com/articles/1758.php], the third image down shows a map of railways in 1917. You can see the way they sprawl out from the capital cities into what was once Aboriginal territory.
As a result of rail development, farmers moved further inland to grow wheat (to make flour) or sheep (for wool). Visons of Early Australia [http://www.auspostalhistory.com/articles/1758.php] shows two postcards of farms, demonstrating that there were indeed more sheep than Europeans in Australia! this meant that more land was needed to farm all these sheep. Sheep breeding was thererfore an important part of industrialisation in Australia, which became the world's leading producer of wool. To find out about about life on a sheep station in 1860 watch these videos [http://splash.abc.net.au/digibook/-/c/618324/1860s-colonial-life].
OTEN's agriculture unit [https://yourdecision.oten.tafensw.edu.au/pluginfile.php/138/mod_resource/content/2/AHCLSK205A/sheep_breeds.html tells us ] "The first sheep to arrive in Australia were a hairy, fat tailed flock of 29 sheep brought by the First Fleet for their meat. John Macarthur requested that fine wool sheep be purchased in the Cape when a ship was sent for supplies for the struggling colony. A small flock of 26 Spanish Merinos were shipped back to Sydney where John and his wife, Elizabeth, crossed the Merinos with their own sheep to start Australia's first wool flock. During the 1800s, thousands of Merinos were imported from Saxony, France and England. The sheep were selected and bred for their environmental suitability, frame size, fleece weight and fibre characteristics. The Saxon Merino was developed in Tasmania, the Peppin Merino in southern New South Wales and the South Australian Merino in that state to cope with the arid pastoral conditions." The University of Tasmania [http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/S/Sheep%20farmers.htm] has more detail about sheep breeding in Australia.
Dr Robert Lee of UWS, has written an excellent academic article [http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/linking-nation-australias-transport-and-communications-1788-1970-0] which links developments in transport and communications with Australia's position as a leading of producer of wool and coal (because ships and trains worked on steam which was produced by burning coal).
Kooriweb has a description of the early textile industry, staffed at first by unpaid convicts [http://www.kooriweb.org/cland/textile.html]. You can read more about this at the Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre [http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/272.html] which includes the setting up of the notorious Female Factory in Parramatta.