Polynesian Identities
Overview
Pacific communities in Australia [https://www.uws.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/923361/SSP5680_Pacific_Communities_in_Aust_FA_LR.pdf] (2015) is a fantastic document which looks at Pacific Islanders as a group (not specific islands) in terms of key social indicators such as education, housing and employment. Ity's an excellent starting point.
queensland health response to pacific Islander nad Laori health needs assessment [https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0037/385867/qh-response-data.pdf] shows specific disadvantage in Islander nad Laori communities
queensland health response to pacific Islander nad Laori health needs assessment [https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0037/385867/qh-response-data.pdf] shows specific disadvantage in Islander nad Laori communities
Issues around Pacific Islander Diasporas
Manu - My suggestion at this point is to contrast Gender roles inn Tonga with gender roles in the Sydney Tongan community - if you have enough people you can contact in Tonga who will be able to do a survey for you?
The word "Diaspora" refers to the people that have left a particular place and culture to settle in a new place, bringing their culture and values with them - so a community to Tongans living in Sydney is part of the Tongan diaspora. There is a lot of debate in sociology and anthropology about the extent to which people living in a diasporic context can practice an "authentic" version of their culture.
There are two main arguments to support the idea that diasporas are not 'authentic' versions of a culture:
Still other researchers believe that there is no such thing as 'authentic' culture because any individual's relationship with their culture is a constant process of negotiation (choosing which parts of the culture to accept or reject).
If you are researching anything about diaspioric or migrant cultures, you will need to form an opinion about this debate in the process of you research.
Some texts which contribute to this debate are:
'I define my own Idenity': Pacific Articulations of Race and Culture on the internet discusses they way pacific islanders (esp from the Tongan and Samoan diaspora) define themselves through discussion of personal experiences, political opinions, emotional and intellectual expectations about the outer and inner limits of race/ethnicity, and/or culture in their everyday lives.
Creating their own Culture: diasporic tongans [https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/13196/1/v10n1-1-30.pdf] If you only read one paper about diasporic tongans, make it this one - It looks explicitly at the way young Australian Tongans mediate their identity though Tongan and Western traditions.
Unsorted stuff
Chapter 15. People and Place in Tonga: The Social Construction of Fonua in Oceania - touches briefly on the disruption of place-identity (Fonua) in diasporic communities
Creating a nation with Cloth: women Wealth and Tradition in the tongan diaspora (Tongan women's traditional cloth production in NZ)
There are two main arguments to support the idea that diasporas are not 'authentic' versions of a culture:
- some cultures 'move on' in the country of origin, but migrants from that country still practice a more traditional interpretation of that culture (they keep the culture as it was when they left)
- some diasporas integrate ideas and values from the dominant culture of the new place (eg many diasporas from highly patriarchal cultures maintain their cultural values in Australia, but adopt a more liberal understanding of gender roles)
Still other researchers believe that there is no such thing as 'authentic' culture because any individual's relationship with their culture is a constant process of negotiation (choosing which parts of the culture to accept or reject).
If you are researching anything about diaspioric or migrant cultures, you will need to form an opinion about this debate in the process of you research.
Some texts which contribute to this debate are:
'I define my own Idenity': Pacific Articulations of Race and Culture on the internet discusses they way pacific islanders (esp from the Tongan and Samoan diaspora) define themselves through discussion of personal experiences, political opinions, emotional and intellectual expectations about the outer and inner limits of race/ethnicity, and/or culture in their everyday lives.
Creating their own Culture: diasporic tongans [https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/13196/1/v10n1-1-30.pdf] If you only read one paper about diasporic tongans, make it this one - It looks explicitly at the way young Australian Tongans mediate their identity though Tongan and Western traditions.
Unsorted stuff
Chapter 15. People and Place in Tonga: The Social Construction of Fonua in Oceania - touches briefly on the disruption of place-identity (Fonua) in diasporic communities
Creating a nation with Cloth: women Wealth and Tradition in the tongan diaspora (Tongan women's traditional cloth production in NZ)
Gender in Tongan communities
Although, I don't usually suggest this source, Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_Tonga] has a well-referenced page on this topic, that may be a good starting point for your research.
Lalanga Pasifika: Weaving the Pacific: Stories of empowerment from the South Pacific [https://books.google.com.au/books/about/Lalanga_Pasifika.html?id=8h17SVYu4ikC&redir_esc=y] has a chapter on Tonga with a section about the role of women (p.30), as does the Pacific Islands: Environment and Society [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=A1u-QvyJrEgC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=The+Pacific+Islands:+Environment+and+Society,+Revised+Edition&source=bl&ots=V9GX9A-sum&sig=cvFpleN3RU4AIjqJGeybeQW3PoQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifqJ6RmI3XAhXKJ5QKHbUaCdQ4ChDoAQhHMAc#v=onepage&q=The%20Pacific%20Islands%3A%20Environment%20and%20Society%2C%20Revised%20Edition&f=false] (p.305).
Men are from Maama, Women are from Pulotu [http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_110_2001/Volume_110%2C_No._4/Shorter_communication%3A_Men_are_from_Maama%2C_women_are_from_Pulotu%3A_Female_status_in_Tongan_society%2C_by_Meredith_Filihia%2C_p_377-390/p1] seeks the roots of social heirarchies between Tongan men and women (especially in ceremonial contexts) with women's roles in ancient Tongan mythology
Women of the New Millenium: tongan women determine their development direction [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/8375] debates the 'feminist' interpretation that tongan women are all subject to "universal subordination", focusing on differences such as rank, kinship relationships, social status, level of education and access to resources which have a strong impact on women's ability to contribute to the development of Tonga in a global economy. Access this through your local library login.
Gender and Power in TonganTourist Performances [http://labexcap.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Condevaux_Vol50no3_pp223-244.pdf] identifies the ways discourses of power and gender operate in dance performances for tourists. while not directly relevant to an IRP, it has some interesting concepts nad quotes about national identity as a woman.
Lalanga Pasifika: Weaving the Pacific: Stories of empowerment from the South Pacific [https://books.google.com.au/books/about/Lalanga_Pasifika.html?id=8h17SVYu4ikC&redir_esc=y] has a chapter on Tonga with a section about the role of women (p.30), as does the Pacific Islands: Environment and Society [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=A1u-QvyJrEgC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=The+Pacific+Islands:+Environment+and+Society,+Revised+Edition&source=bl&ots=V9GX9A-sum&sig=cvFpleN3RU4AIjqJGeybeQW3PoQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifqJ6RmI3XAhXKJ5QKHbUaCdQ4ChDoAQhHMAc#v=onepage&q=The%20Pacific%20Islands%3A%20Environment%20and%20Society%2C%20Revised%20Edition&f=false] (p.305).
Men are from Maama, Women are from Pulotu [http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_110_2001/Volume_110%2C_No._4/Shorter_communication%3A_Men_are_from_Maama%2C_women_are_from_Pulotu%3A_Female_status_in_Tongan_society%2C_by_Meredith_Filihia%2C_p_377-390/p1] seeks the roots of social heirarchies between Tongan men and women (especially in ceremonial contexts) with women's roles in ancient Tongan mythology
Women of the New Millenium: tongan women determine their development direction [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/8375] debates the 'feminist' interpretation that tongan women are all subject to "universal subordination", focusing on differences such as rank, kinship relationships, social status, level of education and access to resources which have a strong impact on women's ability to contribute to the development of Tonga in a global economy. Access this through your local library login.
Gender and Power in TonganTourist Performances [http://labexcap.fr/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Condevaux_Vol50no3_pp223-244.pdf] identifies the ways discourses of power and gender operate in dance performances for tourists. while not directly relevant to an IRP, it has some interesting concepts nad quotes about national identity as a woman.
Unsorted stuff
NEITHER BLACK NOR WHITE: THE FATHER'S SISTER IN TONGAPOWER AND PERSONHOOD IN TONGA - child socialisationGENDER RELATIONS IN TONGA 1780 to 1984 - for historical dimension
NEITHER BLACK NOR WHITE: THE FATHER'S SISTER IN TONGAPOWER AND PERSONHOOD IN TONGA - child socialisationGENDER RELATIONS IN TONGA 1780 to 1984 - for historical dimension